APPLICATIONS OF ULTRASONOGRAPHY FOR DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES AND DISORDERS IN DAIRY BUFFALOES

Abstract

Ultrasonography has been widely used in domestic animals for reproductive management and for diagnosis of diseases and disorders. In dairy buffaloes, although extensive studies have been conducted on pregnancy diagnosis and fetal monitoring for reproductive management, there are very few reports on the use of diagnostic ultrasound for disease diagnosis. Most of the studies in this species involved diagnosis of diseases and disorders of the lungs, diaphragm, heart, reticulum, omasum, rumen, intestines, liver, uterus, ovaries, mammary gland and teats. Very few investigations have been done on the musculo-skeletal system, the spleen, urinary tract, sensory organs and male reproductive organs. In addition, Doppler echocardiography has not been utilized for diagnosis of cardiovascular disorders. Further investigations on the use of ultrasonography for diagnosis of various diseases and disorders of the buffalo are warranted.